Abruzzo

History

Abruzzo has ancient roots, once home to the Italic Samnite tribes who fiercely resisted Roman expansion for over a century. The region was finally absorbed into the Roman Republic after the Social War in 88 BC and flourished as a crossroads of central Italy, with towns like Amiternum and Alba Fucens becoming significant Roman settlements. During the medieval period, Abruzzo was contested by Norman, Angevin, and Aragonese powers, shaping the castles and fortified hilltop towns that define the landscape today. L'Aquila was founded in the 13th century as a coalition of 99 villages and became one of the most prosperous cities in the Kingdom of Naples, famous for its saffron trade across Europe. The devastating earthquake of 2009 struck L'Aquila deeply but the city's resilience — and ongoing reconstruction — has become part of modern Abruzzese identity. Alongside this, Abruzzo has maintained some of Italy's most pristine wilderness, including the country's oldest national park founded in 1923.

Culture

Abruzzo is known for its deeply rooted pastoral traditions, with shepherds historically migrating along ancient droving routes called tratturi — some of which are still protected as cultural heritage paths. Festivals, folk music featuring the zampogna bagpipe, and colourful religious processions remain central to local identity. The region prides itself on being a land of wilderness and authenticity, often described as 'the strongest nature in Italy.' Food is intensely local: arrosticini (lamb skewers) are almost a sacred institution, and L'Aquila saffron (DOP certified) is among the most prized in the world. Abruzzese people are known for warmth combined with a quiet, self-reliant pride. Visiting during local sagre (food festivals) in spring and autumn gives the most authentic experience of village life.

Language

Abruzzese is a southern Italian dialect with strong influence from Neapolitan and ancient Oscan roots, often surprising visitors with its distinct pronunciation and vocabulary. The dialect varies noticeably between the coastal Pescara area and the mountain interior. A useful local phrase is 'Comme stè?' meaning 'How are you?' Standard Italian is universally understood, and many people in tourist areas speak basic English. However, greeting locals in Italian is always warmly appreciated — a simple 'Buongiorno' and 'Grazie' will go a long way. Note that older residents in mountain villages may primarily use dialect, so speaking slowly in standard Italian works better than trying the local variant.

Best time to visit

Visit from May to June or September to October for mild weather, fewer crowds, and the best conditions for hiking and sightseeing.

Places to visit

Where to eat