Kars

A historic frontier city with Russian-era architecture, serving as the base for visiting Ani and exploring the Armenian plateau. Its tree-lined streets and cultural atmosphere offer a window into Turkey's multicultural past.

Things to do

• Ani Archaeological Site — Explore the haunting ruins of a medieval Armenian capital 42 km from Kars, featuring churches, fortifications, and intricate stone carvings spanning the 5th to 14th centuries.
• Kars Castle — Climb to this Ottoman-era fortress overlooking the city for panoramic views of the Kars River valley and Russian-influenced architecture below.
• Sarıkamış Winter Landscape — Visit this high-altitude plateau town 50 km south known for snow-covered pine forests and stark mountain scenery, especially stunning in winter.
• Lala Mustafa Pasha Mosque — Marvel at this 16th-century Ottoman mosque in central Kars featuring intricate tilework and a blend of Islamic and Armenian architectural influences.
• Russian Orthodox Church — Tour this abandoned 19th-century stone church built during Russian occupation, showcasing neo-Byzantine architecture and echoing Kars's cosmopolitan past.
• Kars City Museum — Discover artifacts from Urartian, Persian, Armenian, and Ottoman periods, plus ethnographic displays of traditional plateau life and craftsmanship.

Food to try

• Kars Cheese (Kars Kaşarı) — Sample the region's famous semi-hard cheese made from local milk, known for its sharp flavor and creamy texture, often sold at market stalls.
• Mantı with Yogurt — Eat these small Turkish dumplings filled with meat or potato, topped with garlicky yogurt and spiced butter—a warming comfort food staple.
• Fırında Çiğ Köfte — Try baked raw meatballs made from bulgur, spiced meat, and herbs, served warm as a street food or appetizer unique to eastern Anatolia.
• Kars Fruit Preserves — Taste homemade jams and syrups made from local apricots, mulberries, and apples, often sold at markets as souvenirs and breakfast spreads.
• Kuymak (Corn Meal Dish) — Sample this creamy, savory polenta-like dish made with cornmeal, butter, and cheese, reflecting the agricultural heritage of the plateau.

Local customs & good to know

• Respect Ani's Sensitivity — Ani carries deep historical meaning for Armenians; approach the ruins respectfully and be aware this site represents contested cultural heritage between Turkey and Armenia.
• Bargain at Bazaars — Haggling is expected and enjoyed at Kars's markets—start at 60-70% of the asking price and negotiate in a friendly manner as part of local commerce custom.
• Dress for Extremes — Kars experiences harsh winters with heavy snow and short summers; pack layers and weather-appropriate gear even in warmer months due to high elevation (1,760 m).
• Use Turkish Greetings — Learning basic Turkish phrases like 'Merhaba' (hello) and 'Teşekkür ederim' (thank you) is deeply appreciated in this less-touristy city where English is limited.