Eastern Anatolia
Doğu Anadolu
History
Eastern Anatolia has been a crossroads of civilizations for millennia, with the region hosting ancient kingdoms including the Hittites, Urartians, and Armenians. The area was later conquered and ruled by various empires including the Persians, Romans, and Ottomans, each leaving their mark on its architecture and culture. The region experienced significant population changes following the Armenian Genocide of 1915 and subsequent Turkish-Greek population exchanges. Today, Eastern Anatolia remains culturally rich but economically less developed than western Turkey, with strong ties to its Byzantine and Ottoman heritage.
Culture
Eastern Anatolia is characterized by rugged mountain landscapes, ancient monasteries, and a distinctly conservative cultural atmosphere compared to coastal regions. The area maintains strong traditions of hospitality, traditional craftsmanship, and regional cuisine featuring hearty meat dishes, fresh dairy products, and distinctive breads. The region's identity is deeply connected to its religious and historical sites, including Mount Ararat, ancient churches, and the historic city of Ani, which collectively shape its unique cultural character.
Language
Turkish is the primary language, though Kurdish is widely spoken, especially in southeastern areas, and Armenian or other minority languages may be heard in certain communities. Useful phrases include "Merhaba" (hello), "Teşekkür ederim" (thank you), and "Afiyet olsun" (enjoy your meal), with locals appreciating efforts to speak Turkish even in brief exchanges.
Best time to visit
Visit July to September for pleasant weather and accessibility to mountain landscapes and Lake Van.
Places to visit
- Van — Turkey's largest city on the shores of Lake Van, serving as the gateway to Eastern Anatolia's most spectacular region.…
- Lake Van — One of the world's largest soda lakes, surrounded by dramatic mountains and ancient Armenian churches, offering breatht…
- Kars — A historic frontier city with Russian-era architecture, serving as the base for visiting Ani and exploring the Armenian…
- Ani — A hauntingly beautiful ruined medieval Armenian city perched on a remote plateau near the Armenian border, featuring st…
- Erzurum — Eastern Anatolia's largest city and a major cultural hub, renowned for its Seljuk and Ottoman architecture including th…
- Sumela Monastery — A breathtaking Greek Orthodox monastery dramatically carved into a cliff face in the lush Pontic Mountains, filled with…
- Trabzon — A major Black Sea port city steeped in Byzantine history, home to the magnificent Hagia Sophia of Trabzon and the stunn…
- Rize — Turkey's tea capital, set among rolling green hills covered in endless tea plantations with misty mountain vistas that…
- Ayder Plateau — A stunning high-altitude meadow surrounded by dense forests and Alpine scenery, dotted with traditional wooden houses a…
- Cappadocia — An otherworldly landscape of fairy chimneys, carved caves, and underground cities spanning millennia of history from Hi…
- Göreme — The heart of Cappadocia, a charming village nestled among spectacular rock formations carved into ancient dwellings and…
- Safranbolu — A beautifully preserved Ottoman town famous for its distinctive architecture, saffron cultivation, and traditional craf…
- Amasya — A picturesque riverside city along the Yeşilırmak River with dramatic clifftop tombs, Ottoman mansions, and ancient rui…
- Uzungöl — A pristine mountain lake surrounded by dense forests and dramatic peaks in the heart of the Pontic Mountains, offering…
- Doğubayazıt — A remote mountain town on the Iranian border, famous as the base for climbing Mount Ararat and visiting the ornate Isha…
Where to eat
- Çıdam Restoran (Turkish Regional, Erzurum City Center). Order: Cag Kebab.
- Karakol Kebab (Turkish Kebab, Erzurum City Center). Order: Lamb Kebab with Yogurt.
- Ortabayır Restoran (Turkish Regional, Van City Center). Order: Grilled Lake Van Whitefish.
- Haji Baba (Turkish Caucasian, Kars City Center). Order: Kars Cheese Pastry with Honey.
- Lalehan Restaurant (Turkish Middle Eastern, Mardin Old Town). Order: Mardin Flatbread with Minced Meat.
- Sur Ici Restaurant (Turkish Kurdish, Diyarbakır Old City). Order: Kuşbaşı Stew.
- Antep Fistik House (Turkish Regional Specialties, Gaziantep City Center). Order: Pistachio-Crusted Lamb.
- Mesopotamya Konagi (Turkish Regional, Batman City Center). Order: Mesir Paste Dessert with Tea.
- Artvin Mutfagi (Turkish Black Sea Regional, Artvin City Center). Order: Anchovy Rice.
- Bitlis Han Restaurant (Turkish Regional Ottoman, Bitlis City Center). Order: Bitlis Meatballs with Pomegranate.
- Elazığ Aile Restaurant (Turkish Anatolian, Elazığ City Center). Order: Beef and Pomegranate Molasses Stew.
- Hasankeyf Terrace (Turkish Regional, Hasankeyf Ancient Town). Order: Grilled River Fish with Herbs.
- Tunceli Ev Yemekleri (Turkish Kurdish Home Cooking, Tunceli City Center). Order: Lentil Soup with Herbs.
- Rize Çay Bahçesi Restaurant (Turkish Black Sea Tea Region, Rize City Center). Order: Anchovy with Tea Service.
- Erzincan Et Lokantası (Turkish Meat House, Erzincan City Center). Order: Grilled Lamb Chops.